The Physiological Effects of Taper 调整期的生理影响

小臭贝

This week’s Speedo Tip of the Week comes from Dr. Genadijus Sokolovas, USA Swimming’s Director of Physiology. Sokolovas offers some explanations for that out-of-synch feeling swimmers sometimes get during taper.
本周的Speedo贴士来自于Genadijus Sokolovas，他是美国游泳队的生理学总监。Sokolovas给大家解释了处于调整期的运动员经常有的一些异常感觉。

Sokolovas’ Tip:

Sokolovas的贴士

The body undergoes many physiological changes during taper, and these changes may desynchronize the athletes’ conditioning, and as result, temporarily decrease their swimming performance. This is especially true during the first two weeks of taper. There may be three reasons for this:
处于调整期的身体会出现很多生理性的变化，这些变化有时会改变运动员的节奏状态。另外，也会使这些运动员出现临时性的运动成绩下降的状况。这些状况最容易在进入调整期的前两周出现，出现这种状况的原因可能有如下三条：

1.
During the high-volume training period before the taper, muscles rely on both carbohydrates and fat as primary energy sources. When swimmers begin the taper, they decrease their workload volume and maintain workout intensity. This leads to an increased reliance on carbohydrates as the swimmer’s main source of energy, and decreased contribution from fat.
在进入调整期之前的大运动量训练中，肌肉以碳水化合物和脂肪作为主要的能量来源。当运动员进入调整期后，他们会降低训练量，而只是维持足够的训练强度。这个时候运动员的能量来源发生变化：碳水化合物占的比重会上升，脂肪则下降。

2.
Swimmers don’t gain or even reduce their aerobic capacity during taper, while anaerobic capacity and sprinting abilities increase. Therefore, there is an imbalance between aerobic and anaerobic/sprint capacities for a short time.
调整期内，运动员的有氧运动的能力非但没有提升，相反可能会有一定程度的下降！但这个时候的无氧运动能力和短冲能力则可能有所提高。因此，这段时间内可能会出现有氧和无氧能力/短冲能力的失衡。

3.
Small muscle cell units called mitochondria are responsible for producing energy sources (ATP) in the body. The number of mitochondria increases through division during the first weeks of taper. While they are dividing, they are not able to function properly. This may result in a temporary decrease of swimming performance.2.
线粒体(细胞内的一个微粒)的功能是为身体产生能源(ATP)。在进入调整期的前一周，线粒体的数量会出现增生，而增生的线粒体的功能有时候会不太正常，这个可能是身体出现临时性的运动机能下降的原因。